Which principle does a transformer operate on?

A transformer operates on the principle of mutual induction, which is the process by which a change in current in one coil induces a voltage in another nearby coil. In a transformer, two coils (the primary and secondary windings) are wound around a magnetic core. When alternating current passes through the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field then induces a voltage in the secondary coil due to its proximity and the magnetic core that connects them.

Mutual induction is fundamental to the operation of transformers because it allows for the transfer of electrical energy from one coil to another without direct electrical connection. This principle is what enables transformers to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels efficiently in power distribution systems, making them crucial in electrical engineering and lineman work.

Understanding mutual induction is essential for understanding how transformers are used in various applications, such as reducing voltage levels for safe transmission of electricity over long distances or increasing voltage levels for industrial use.