What is the typical function of a transformer in an electrical system?

The typical function of a transformer in an electrical system is to step up or step down voltage. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction to increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the voltage levels of alternating current (AC). This capability is crucial in power distribution, enabling electricity to be transmitted over long distances at high voltages, which reduces energy loss due to resistance in the wires. It also allows for voltage levels to be adjusted to safer, usable levels for residential and commercial applications.

In contrast, converting AC to DC is the function of rectifiers, while filtering noise in signals is the realm of capacitors and inductors. Protecting circuits from overloads typically involves circuit breakers or fuses, which serve entirely different purposes than those served by transformers.