What is the total loss in a transformer made up of?

The total loss in a transformer is comprised of iron loss and copper loss. Iron loss, also known as core loss, occurs primarily due to two components: hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Hysteresis loss results from the magnetization and demagnetization of the transformer's core material as the magnetic field alternates, while eddy current loss is caused by currents induced in the core itself due to the alternating magnetic field, leading to energy dissipation as heat.

Copper loss refers to the energy lost due to the resistance of the copper windings when current flows through them. This loss is proportional to the square of the current (I²R losses) and is significant during operation when the transformer is under load.

Combining iron loss and copper loss provides a comprehensive understanding of the total losses experienced during the transformer's operation. This is essential for understanding the efficiency and performance of the transformer in various applications.