What is the term for the opposition to current flow through a material?

The term for the opposition to current flow through a material is resistance. Resistance is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering and physics, representing how much a material impedes the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω) and varies depending on the material's properties, temperature, and other factors.

In a circuit, resistance can be thought of as a frictional force that limits the flow of charge through conductive materials, thereby impacting how effectively electrical energy is transmitted. Higher resistance means less current will flow for a given voltage, influencing the design and functionality of electrical systems.

Understanding resistance is critical for linemen as it affects circuit performance and safety. It plays a crucial role in calculating circuit properties, such as power loss and efficiency, and guides linemen in selecting appropriate materials and designing effective electrical installations.