What is the primary purpose of oil in a transformer?

The primary purpose of oil in a transformer is insulation and cooling. Transformer oil serves as an insulating medium, preventing electrical breakdown and ensuring that the components within the transformer maintain a high level of dielectric strength. By covering conductive parts, the oil helps protect against short circuits and other electrical faults.

In addition to insulation, the oil also plays a crucial role in cooling the transformer. As the transformer operates, it generates heat due to losses in the wires and magnetic components. The oil absorbs this heat, transferring it away from the windings and core to maintain optimal operating temperatures. This cooling effect helps prolong the life of the transformer and maintain its efficiency.

This combination of insulation and cooling is vital for the reliable and safe operation of transformers in electrical distribution systems.