What are the two primary enemies of transformers?

Transformers, which are essential for voltage regulation in power systems, face significant challenges during their operation, and two primary enemies are heat-overloading and high voltage, including surges due to lightning.

Heat-overloading occurs when a transformer operates above its designed thermal limits. Excessive heat can cause damage to the insulation materials and windings, leading to failures. Managing temperature through adequate cooling and load management is crucial for maintaining the lifespan and efficiency of transformers.

High voltage conditions, particularly surges from lightning, can exceed the insulation capacity of a transformer, resulting in insulation breakdown and catastrophic failure. It's vital for transformers to have protective measures, such as surge arresters, to mitigate the impact of such voltage spikes.

Understanding how these two factors directly contribute to the degradation and failure of transformers emphasizes the importance of ensuring that transformers operate within prescribed limits and have appropriate protective equipment to safeguard against surges and overheating.