The flow of electrons in a circuit is driven by what?

The flow of electrons in a circuit is driven by electromotive force (EMF), which is commonly provided by a voltage source such as a battery or generator. EMF creates an electric potential difference that pushes electrons through the conductive materials of the circuit, enabling current flow.

In a circuit, this force is what energizes the electrons, causing them to move and create electrical current. Factors such as resistance, temperature, and capacitance can affect the flow of current but do not directly generate the flow itself. Resistance opposes the flow of electrons, temperature can influence the resistance of materials, and capacitance is associated with storing electric charge. However, it is the electromotive force that initiates electron movement, allowing for the current to flow throughout the circuit.